Most of the chromatography vials are made of glass, when talking about this material, we must first talk about the linear expansion coefficient, refers to the temperature changes once, the length of the glass changes. In short, glass is the ability to withstand drastic temperature changes. The lower the linear expansion coefficient, the greater the temperature change that glass can withstand.

The classification of laboratory glass is based on the water resistance of the USP (United States Pharmacopeia).

USP Type 1, Class A, 33 Borosilicate glass is chemically inert and is widely used in laboratories, especially for chromatographic applications. Class I glass consists mainly of silicon and oxygen and contains traces of boron and sodium. Its dissolution rate is low, and its linear expansion coefficient is 33.

USP Type 1, B, 51 borosilicate glass is mainly composed of silicon and oxygen. It contains trace amounts of boron, sodium, and alkali metals more than A-grade glass, but it can still meet laboratory use. All brown glasses are Class B glasses with a coefficient of linear expansion of 51.Silanized or deactivated glass is a borosilicate glass that has been deactivated by organosilylation of the glass surface.

Its glass surface is highly hydrophobic and inert, and is suitable for pH-sensitive compounds, trace analysis, and Long-term sample storage.USP Types II, III and NP soda-lime glass are not as chemically resistant as borosilicate glass.

In addition to glass, there are a number of other materials:

Polypropylene (PP) is a hard material that can be processed in a variety of colors and has good chemical tolerance for short-term storage of most laboratory chemicals. When aromatic hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons are used, their tolerance decreases over time.

PP sample bottles are commonly used for ion chromatography due to their low ion content and can be cleaned with dilute acids and deionized water. Since the seal can be directly incinerated, so PP sample bottles also reduce the exposure of harmful substances.

Polymethylpentene (TPX) is a hard, transparent material with a high melting point and a range of 0 to 170 degrees C. Due to its high transparency, TPX bottles can replace opaque PP. Its chemical tolerance is similar to PP, and TPX bottles are commonly used in situations where a visual sample is required or used at high temperatures. TPX bottles are crisp at room temperature.

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